Serria
Serria (Serrian: Serria [/særiɐ/]), officially the Theocratic Papal Constitutional Monarchy of the Divine Serrian Archipelago, Canteu, Granto, the St. Tiaranos Islands, Sanpoli, Agios, Paros, and of the Blessed Principalities in Edusa and Icaria (Serrian: Monarchia Costituzionale Papale Teocratica del Divino Arcipelago Serriano, Canteu, Granto, Isole Tiaranos, Sanpoli, Agios, Paros e del Beato Principati d'Edusa e Icaria), or the Kingdom of Serria (commonly abbreviated K.S.), is a theocratic constitutional monarchy on the Serrian archipelago. Its mainland is bordered on all sides by the Nuntic Sea and has an enclave, the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint Silischo of Canteu and Serria. It maintains five overseas Archdioceses, covering all oceans, as well as a Principality in Edusa and one in Icaria. Additionally, the Great Holy State of The Noŕ College of Cardinals remains a de facto protectorate while in a de jure Papal Union partnership. Metropolitan Serria is divided into 23 Archdioceses which cover 152,362 square kilometers and have an estimated population of 51,242,000. Its politics are often described as social liberal or social conservative.
Theocratic Papal Constitutional Monarchy of
Serria and of the Blessed Principality of Edusa Monarchia Costituzionale Papale Teocratica di Serria e del Beato Principato d'Edusa (Serrian) | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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Motto: "Dio, Paese, Famiglia" (Serrian) "God, Country, Family" | |
Anthem: Inno Nazionale (Serrian) "The National Anthem" Royal anthem: Inno Reale (Serrian) "The Royal Anthem" March: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza (Serrian) "Royal March of Ordinance" | |
 Location of Serria on a globe | |
 Serria proper Principality/Papal Union/Antarctic Territory Nuntic Union | |
| Capital | Serria |
| Largest city | Vellina |
| Official languages | Serrian, Edusan, Dolfik, Sedentrionale |
| Ethnic groups |
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| Demonym(s) | Serrian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Grand Master | Pope Niccolò IV |
• Minister-President | Lucio Marino |
• Monarch | King Umberto II |
| Legislature | House of Dukes |
| Metropolitan Unification | |
• Declared | 19 December 842 BCE |
• Current constitution established | 1 January 1818 |
| Area | |
• Total | 145,003 km2 (55,986 sq mi) (8th) |
• Water (%) | 3.46 |
| Population | |
• 2023 Global estimate | 171,867,200 |
• 2023 Metropolitan census | 61,543,100 (6th) |
• Density | 424.4/km2 (1,099.2/sq mi) (1st) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $7.34 trillion |
• Per capita | $44,618 (4th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $7.34 trillion |
• Per capita | $44,618 |
| Gini (2001) |  29.5low · 9th |
| HDI (2018) |  0.954very high · 1st |
| Currency | Nuntic lira (SAL) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (Nuntic Time) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (not observed) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +39 |
| ISO 3166 code | SER |
| Internet TLD | .sa |
Serria has a constitutionally-mandated policy of total neutrality, maintaining a self-defense force as opposed to traditional armed forces. Religion has a traditional role in the government; the nation is a holy place for the Catholic community. The island was first settled in pre-history by a non-Serrian population which composed of various isolated tribes. Proto-Serrians later migrated to the archipelago and subjugated its native population. Serrian culture eventually replaced that of the natives entirely. The archipelago is believed to have been first unified in 842 BCE under a Serrian state. The nation cemented its royal system and established its traditions, with numerous failed attempts at expansion throughout the first and early second millenniums. After developing a successful trade network spanning the globe, Serria became a colonial power with large holdings in Serthenia and smaller trade cities around the world, some maintained as foreign dependencies to this day. It successfully defended during the Great War, and has since become a key part of the global economy and a world financial center.
Today, Serria is a global cultural, economic, and military power. It has extensive economic ties with most nations on the planet, and its largest cities, Vellina and Agios, remain international trade hubs. It spearheaded the creation of the Nuntic Union and the adoption of the Serrian lira in the Lirezone during the late twentieth-century and is often charactarized as a regional hegemon. The nation leads numerous international organizations, including the League of Serrian States (LSS), the Organization for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples (OPIP), the International Economic Relations Organization (IERO), the Global Economic Association (GEA), as well as the Serrian Economic Cooperation Treaty (SECT) It is also a member of and hosts one of the headquarters for the International Trade Sphere (ITS). The nation consistently pioneers scientific discoveries and maintains a high quality of life, life expectancy, and socioeconomic status.
Name
The name Serria originates from the endonym Serra and the suffix -ia, meaning land or land of. It refers to the Serra people, who settled on the archipelago and established the first state on the island in the 9th century BCE. That ethnic group, known as Serrani or Serrans, lost distinction over time from subjugated native populations who identified as Serrian. By the beginning of the Common Era, Serrian was the accepted demonym for the archipelago's population.
History
Ancient History
Originally settled by various waves of ancient ethnically diverse migrants, the different groups maintained unique cultures and identities throughout the archipelago. The settlement is thought to have happened, based on archaeological evidence, between 6100 and 5200 BCE. These tribes remained hunter-gatherers and competitors, dividing up the islands and warring each other. Around 942 BCE, the ethnically Traestani Serra faction began conquering and assimilating the others, in a series of violent expansions. First, they conquered the Cuerna and Aeala societies between years around 910-890 BCE. The rest of the divided groups who resisted were quickly conquered by the following generation, in a series of four wars. Historic consensus is that unification was completed in 842 BCE, and is celebrated by the Serrian government on 19 December as Unification Day.
Directly after the Serra tribe had conquered the rest in 842, the unification was not without struggle. Written texts show that the conquered Cuerna tribe showed resistance to assimilation. The texts also show plotted assassination attempts against the leaders of the newly formed Serrian leadership. These struggles were eventually overtaken as a strong push by the new centralized authority in Serria to assimilate the cultures into one united archipelago that eventually succeeded in the following generations. By 741 BCE, almost a hundred years after the conquest had finished, the cultures had driven close enough together where any citizen would be comfortable with being called a Serrian. To quell disloyalty and unrest, the Serran-dominated royal court decided to establish a republican system, in which they had set up elections to form a senate, which would have an influence on decisions in the archipelago.
The Serrian authority, now united, began experiencing a wave of nationalism and prosperity. Architecture and science were promoted, and the population shared this new interest. A golden age of science, mathematics, architecture, and philosophy began. This era, known as the Classical Era, saw over the construction of advanced aqueducts, impressive palaces and churches, and a concentration of wealth unseen in most of the world at this time. Many of the buildings, military forts, castles, and cities built during this time still have remnants or entire sections still occupied today in Serria. Extensive conservation and protection laws protect these ancient parts of the city today. From 500 BCE until 20 CE, this era continued. This 520-year prosperity leads to the establishment of the House of Colombo and the end of the republican system in 240 BCE, which has had a continuous Monarch in power since its establishment.
Other important events that occurred in this period were the construction of a newer and advanced naval force, which protected Serrian merchants from piracy and deterred invasion. An army was also raised and maintained in peacetime as a civil service organization while continuing to train for battle, marking one of the world's first professional armies. Serrian ships were identifiable during this period because of their reflective gold ornaments, only possible because of a tapping of gold found in the surrounding mountains, which also protects invaders from invading in certain vulnerable areas of the archipelago.
Middle Ages
The grand expansion and wealth of the Classical era had died down early after the beginning of the Common Era, but life was still well on the archipelago. Barbarian invasions sacking coastal trade settlements and pirates were more common in this period, and wealth was on the general decline. Merchants, fearing their safety, fled to urban centers inland. This period of economic, cultural, and scientific standstill continued after a mass epidemic hit the island chain. Quickly spread by the trade merchant ships, it is believed to be spread by infected rodents from Cancodia. The epidemic leads the Colombo royal court to isolate and quarantine, fearing a loss of unity which would devastate political stability. Over a third of the islands' population were killed, mostly the poor living in the role of serfs and those who lived in the slums surrounding the edges of walled cities. This period saw the rise of Serrian Catholicism, as citizens fearing death were more vulnerable to join and believe in the single deity other than the traditional polytheistic tradition.
By 310 CE, the epidemic had run its course, and the archipelago's population began to stabilize. In 331, the House of Colombo recognized Catholicism to be the official and national religion of the archipelago and declared it to be a holy site. A flag was adopted, boasting the Serrian Cross, the symbol of the religion, and now the nation-state. As the first authority to recognize itself as a Catholic society, mass pilgrimages and clergy fleeing persecution led to the administrative center of the Church forming in Serria's capital. In 342, the House of the Grand Master, a seat held by the Bishop of Serria, was established. The centralization of papal influence on the archipelago would secure its role as a global religious center. Significant corruption of both royal officials and clergy stagnated growth and cultural development from the mid 4th to 12th centuries, a period marked by stable population growth and an acceptance of the feudal system.
The effects from the loss of life led to the decline of the traditional prosperity and cultural behaviors on the island chain until the second millennium. Artistic and scientific output was limited, as there was not enough surplus in basic agriculture and labor for specialized interests and innovation to foster. However, most of the infrastructure built was in disrepair due to the robust engineering degrading over centuries. King Giovanni XI took this by advantage when he decided to repair existing infrastructure, which historians credit to a critical mild economic recovery. Barbarians and pirates sacked Serrian shores frequently, razing and pillaging cities endlessly. This led to a civil demand for a reformation of the professional army, which was disbanded during the aftermath of the epidemic. Following Giovanni XI's sudden death in 1159 CE, a failed attempt to relieve thirteen year-old Giovanni XII of his power, which many believed to be chosen by divine right, stirred reactionary nationalism. The King's young age greatly increased the influence of sitting Pope Georgio II, who expanded the responsibility of the House of the Grand Master to include duties of the Head of State, marking a significant shift in the role of the House of Colombo in Serrian politics.
Crusades
Following Pope Georgio II's death and the election of Georgio III by the cardinals, the new Pope's militaristic ideology led to an expanded armed forces. Although criticized by his cardinals and King Giovanni XII, war hawks throughout the clergy influenced the pious population's exposure to expansionist nationalism. The original order to invade was seemingly issued by popular decision at hearing in the capital, the City of Serria, where accounts show over six-thousand people attended to demand war on the neighboring coast, occupied by Tergniyan-descendent ethnic groups, for conquest in 1251 CE. Eight invasions were launched, with gains limited by attrition and poor weather conditions. Although the first two waves captured significant coastal cities, counterattacks between invasion waves negated victories and led to a decrease in war support and morale among the clergy and eventually the general populace. While the wars established significant territory controlled by Catholic crusader kingdoms,by 1441 CE, and with the invasion draining ninety years-worth of resources and manpower, the pyrrhic victory was deemed to costly, and the armies were stood down. The immediate political effect of the bolstered credibility of King Umberto I following the Grand Master's failure was limited by his poor perception among the citizenry. However, the Crusader kingdoms, benefiting from the drained Turkic defenders, quickly established identities, and today exist as the nations of Estia, Vrijerland, Baydor, and Pargesia.
Isolationism
The invasion's costly success and the influx of wounded and dead bodies tormented the population and led to the decrease in nationalism for over a millennium, and a lasting recession of expansionism and militarism within the political and social culture. The cardinals reverted to their isolationist roots, electing reserved Pope Gregory XIX in 1464. The loss of laborers needed to maintain aging infrastructure created a demographic crisis throughout the archipelago. There was not enough labor pool available to maintain the society that Serrians had relied on. An economic depression ensued, which increased resentment to foreign intervention. This period lasted for almost 40 years, and little technological enhancement occurred. Gregory XIX, fearing foreign influence, limited all non-religious contact with the outside world. Imposing a series of strict restrictions on scientific research and trade, his rhetoric resonated with the clergy and successfully isolated Serrian society. In 1491, groups of students at the University of La Spezia began illegally trading with foreign merchants. Within two years, an underground market had emerged, and the popularity of foreign spices, inventions, and art pushed the cardinals to elect industrialist Pope Urban X in 1499, who enacted progressive trade policy.
Early Modern
Grand Master Urban X's reinvigorated economy allowed for an industrial revolution to begin, and the trade barricade was immediately ended. The printing press replaced the dated movable type, faster production methods were able to be introduced on a large scale outside of the black market. Following full demographic recovery as well as economic growth, artistic and creative output increased in tandem with modernization. With a surplus of goods and manpower, the state was able to specialize for the first time since the Classical period. Some historians call it the Rinascita [/ri·nà·sci·ta/] (or Rebirth) due to its rapid resurgence of Serrian influence in the technology, architectural, and engineering fields. This period of rapid industrialization continued for well past Urban X's death in 1588, as the nation's local and economic leaders realized it was necessary to maintain competition in an emerging regional economy. Grand Master Urban XI continued many of Urban X's policies, following a razor thin election from the cardinals. Many historians attribute this election to the continued recovery of the archipelago.
Historians consider the 10th of March 1598 the beginning of the Serrian imperialist era, after Grand Master Vallena II declared a new focus on the construction of an exploration-focused, reinvigorated navy. The nation soon had its resources diverted from rapid economic industrialization to national preparation for settling voyages. Vast fleets of settler ships were built in the dockyards and crates of supplies were prepared. Many navy ships were re-purposed into settling ships, leaving the archipelago increasingly vulnerable to attack. On the 25th of September, 1600, a vast fleet of settling ships set sail for the far west. The sailed southwestward, towards the Straight of Muskovo, north of the Aquilian Islands, and first landed and settled on what is now the St. Tiaranos Islands, close to the South sheet. Evidence suggests temporary settlements were established throughout the Serthenian southern coast. Researchers believe this was to prepare for the next step of the voyages. The very fragile and hastily prepared workspaces by the Serrians in their 'rest camps' were very easily destroyed by natural forces, and other than a small number of chapels, little remains intact today.
Colonial Expansion
Colonial-type governments were set up in the St. Tiaranos Islands and Serrian Serthenia's capital. The Serrians founded their first settlement of mainland Serthenia, Bayoha, in June 1644, which today is the capital and seats the government of Cresada. Fur trade and other profitable land ventures expanded the colony west in a thin spread-out network of trade outposts, forts, and small settlements. Citta Christo, still a large city in Eusonia today, was founded soon after in 1646 as a missionary settlement. In 1732, the city of Sanpoli, on the southern tip of the larger Ilyak Peninsula, was founded.
Following a skirmish with Dolfikland near Forte Vetrico in modern-day northwest Edusa, colonial forces began a large-scale conflict in 1753. Serria relied mostly on its alliances with varying indigenous groups, as well as colonial citizens. Following 4-years of skirmishes, the Serrian Navy won a decisive naval battle in Peraganor, Edusa's capital, which forced the Dolfiks to the negotiating table. As a result of the Treaty of Vellina(1757), Edusa became a Serrian colony.
Serria's domestic war-weariness had grown dramatically with the start of the conflict, leaving thousands dead and industry focusing on military production, limiting local prosperity for a conflict many saw as far away. Before news of the Battle of Peraganor and the victory had reached the Serrian capital, an uprising of local supporters of a republican-style government gained control over several city blocks in downtown Serria. When the news of the Treaty of Vellina had made the journey, the Army retook control with high morale, ending the republican movement in the eighteenth century.
Serrian colonialism in Icaria began in 1654, when Serria, desiring a trading city in the Mauralin Gulf region, invaded Free Cities of Paros and Aigaleo, which were major trade cities in the region. Despite having a relatively powerful navy for their size, they were no match for the Serrian navy and their more advanced firearms technologies, and would quickly fall in 1655. Shortly after conquering the Paros Archipelago, the Serrians would conquer the Kingdom of Agios in 1658, after a breakdown of relations between Agios and Serria.
The next phase of Serrian colonialism in Icaria began in 1747, with the Serrian conquest and vassalisation of the Kingdom of Aegina located on the northernmost tip of Icaria. Serrian colonisation in Icaria during this time period would follow a pattern of either accepting vassalisation and subservience to the Serrian monarchy, or being conquered and having the precolonial political systems erased, in favour of Serrian based institutions. The final precolonial holdout in North Icaria would be the Free City of Imeros, which would be conquered in 1763, Leaving the entire northern part of the peninsula under Serrian control.
In 1846, after a large movement for more local autonomy and greater representation that began in 1823, the colonies and vassals of Serrian Icaria were reorganised into a federation and principality. The capital of the new principality in northern Icaria would be the Serrian founded city of Evdilos, thanks to its central location and relative lack of power compared to other regions in the country. Agios and Paros were also given the option of joining but declined in favour of remaining a part of Serria proper.
Second Rinascita
Following the end of the Republican uprising, the first industrial boom had many positive impacts on infrastructure and modernization. Roads were rebuilt, schools were integrated using similar methods from the foreign territories, and the ancient aqueducts were refurbished to be used in modern society. By 1746, the archipelago was in better economic shape than it was before the occupation, and with a thriving global colonial empire. Considered war heroes, these men are still revered in modern Serrian society. The Second Rinascita, which is considered by most historians to have taken place from May 6th, 1722 - November 9th, 1815 the new patent system saw increased innovation, and a new legal system was adopted by Grand Master Luca III, which had modern, Enlightenment-era court systems that recognized all rights deemed necessary in modern civilization. These reforms helped alleviate growing internal animosity of the autocratic monarchial rule, and scholars believed prevented earlier revolution as happened in the New World.
Democratization era
On the 9th of November 1815, protesters stormed the city square in Serria, in front of the Palace of the Grand Master, and demanded a democratic system to be implemented. Inspired by revolutions against Dolfik colonies in Serthenia and in other nations, these protesters demanded the establishment of a parliamentary system. Originally, Grand Master Luca IV objected to this idea, as he had just entered the sphere of power in Serria and was reported by many aides to be stubborn to release it. This, however, was dangerous, as the mob that originally formed a peaceful protest broke into a military armory and demanded reform or revolution, led by graduate philosopher Antonio Roberto Fallini. To maintain stability and order, Pope Luca IV conceded, albeit begrudgingly. Following two years of political deliberation, a consensus was reached and ratified in January of 1818 that consisted of elected Dukes, instead of appointed ones. These would form Congress of Dukes (contemporarily referred to today as Parliament), which would then influence the College of Cardinals, the government's highest authority. Although the Cardinals still elected the Grand Master, a new position was also created, titled the 'Minister-President', which assumed the duties of Head of Government, relieving much of the expanded papal authority. This revolt had brought back the democracy that was removed from the nation during the Rinascita, and it satisfied the protestors enough that historians believe it prevented violent revolution.
Rising global popularity of steam and coal as power sources began to influence Serrian domestic industry. By 1829, private industry had modernized much of the urban city centers in Vellina, La Spezia, and Francesco. In 1831, the Serrian Parliament, under Minister-President Roberto Sauro, passed the Acts of Industry. These were a series of laws aimed to expedite and coordinate the rapid industrialization of Serrian manufacturing industry. The modern historical and economic consensus believe that these policies did have a major effect on attracting both domestic advancement and foreign investment into industrializing Serria's urban centers. In 1856, private railroad networks had successfully linked together the archipelago for the first time, and by 1873, its rail network became one of the densest in the world. Early state investment in cooperation with private industry led to Vellina having electrified suburbs by the late 1880s, with the rest of Serria in the following decades.
The public was supportive of well-funded, defensive-focused armed forces, and any offensive doctrine was heavily scrutinized. With the development of the state-operated integrated Serrian railway network in 1887, the military reformed its operations to maximize mobility through rail. Increased funding from Parliament allowed for the development of increasingly advanced cannons to be deployed on warships, the outdated ironclads to be replaced with steam-powered battleships, and for the sailing, frigates were replaced by advanced cruisers. The modular part design on Serrian guns replaced outdated equipment, reducing production time, and closing the technological gap with other modern armies. By 1901, the Serrian re-armament program was declared completed. In total, the nation had developed a medium-sized fleet of state-of-the-art cruisers, battleships, and infantry equipment that would remain competitive until the era Dreadnought and the semi-automatic rifle 20 years later. In 1901, Serrian pioneer Adriano Salvatore Verrani had sustained the world's first heavier-than-air powered flight, which flew for seven-hundred feet. Verrani's invention was displayed at the 1902 World's Fair in Kerthenia, which gave Serria international attention for its scientific discovery and growing industrial prowess. Verrani would soon found the aircraft manufacturer Verrani, previously an unsuccessful unicycle consulting firm.
Grand Master DeCocco entered office after being sworn in as Grand Master on the 27th of December, 1906. DeCocco launched bold and controversial programs to reform the nation, often causing controversy for pushing the boundaries of Papal authority under the 1815 Constitution. His programs aimed to create tens of thousands of jobs, build new schools, and to "make Vellina the aviation capital of the world." The Grand Master asked Parliament to fund a large coastal fortification project, consisting of a system of forts and bunkers that would be manned within a day to defend the beaches expediently. The fortifications were concentrated where the strategic advantage and the threat were highest in consultation with the military. International newspapers soon nicknamed the project 'Fortress: Serria'. While the re-armament program was completed in 1909, it did not construct infrastructure other than a railway to support the war effort. DeCocco era policy focused on the ability to use forward-thinking solutions and infrastructure as a weapon against an invading force. New and old bridges were designed or retrofitted with explosives to halt an advance. Roads were integrated with systems to easily make traversing the mountainous areas impossible. He also mandated, in the legislature passed by the Parliament, that these forts and defensive measures would be maintained and upgraded to fend off the latest threats. These laws were titled 'Mandato di difesa' in Serrian, or 'Defense Mandate.'
The Serrian pre-war period saw intense industrialization of the nation's military-industrial complex. This marked the public opening of the Company Verrani (now known as Verrani S.p.A.) in 1911, which today dominates the Serrian domestic and international military market. 'New Doctrine' tanks, such as the CL.1, CL.2, and CL.2b(PA) were pressed into service. These vehicles were designed as mobile emplacements and were up to nine feet tall, boasting impressive nine-millimeter guns. The CL.2b(PA) was a tracked armored personnel carrier and showed promise during exercises. The Defense Mandate's requirements for a world-class Air Force and Navy allowed for a new Nuntic Fleet. The Serrian Camnago class, Spirito Santo Class, and Divino Class ships were all competitive warships on paper. The Serrian government put these to sea trials as soon as possible, and by 1915, the Serrian government had a respectable Nuntic Sea fleet. Serria's Aeronautica Militare began flying the P.100-130 series aircraft, and the SB and TB series aircraft proved respectable in combat training.
Great War
The beginning of the Great War in Orba in 1917 led to the immediate activation of the Serrian civil defense forces, mandated into existence by DeCocco-era policy. Kolonian hedgehogs were mass-deployed on beaches, and coastal guns and pillboxes on Serrian coasts were extensively manned. Parliament quickly expanded funding for engineering and industrial educational programs, which founded new schools, expanded courses, and enlarged the scope of domestic research. While aircraft had maintained great public support for civil use and public travel as an effect of national pride, Minister-President Luigi Agusa limited all non-military aviation, leading to the creation of the Aeronautica Civile, or Civil Air Force. By 1922 the Serrian military was at its height of military procurement, with two battleships, multiple cruisers, and dozens of destroyers. It boasted a sizeable air force and a large, emplacement-focused defensive army. Media often described the beaches 'fortresses' as well as the rest of the islands. The attitude of the government was dominated by a determination to avoid repeating the mistakes of the 17th century at all costs.
Losing morale while fighting the Anderians in the Andolian theater, Axis leaders began to desire a strategic victory. They sought after a target they could easily defeat, and set their sites of Serria, an isolationist colonial empire that had not been involved in a major armed conflict since 1757. Confident, they prepared invasion plans for the 5th of May, 1924. Unbeknownst to them, Kerthenian naval intelligence had intercepted the message in March, and immediately informed the Serrian government. Serrian Defensive Forces were mobilized and defensive fortifications and preparations began at night and in secret. Kolonian hedgehogs, dragon’s teeth, and other anti-infantry and tank mines and defenses were prepared. The Air Force was scrambled, along with the rest of the armed forces.
When the invasion began, the fortifications quickly displayed their strategic and tactical importance. The invaidng forces were expecting surprise, and sustained heavy losses on the beaches. Mines, anti-tank traps, and machine-gun fire led to tens of thousands of casualties. The Serrian Air Force, which was outnumbered, concentrated their forces and acted on the Kerthenian intelligence, intercepting large portions of the incoming aircraft. The Serrian Navy was able to open fire onto ships releasing landing craft, and invasion quickly became an embarrassment for the entire Axis alliance. With an expected boosted morale, the soldiers were greatly demoralized and unmotivated after the attack.
Four assault waves were sent to establish a beachhead, all which failed. A combination of accurate and actionable intelligence, unexpected poor weather, civil participation, and fortifications continued to create a persistent favorable situation for the Serrian armed forces. Throughout the next years of the war, mass strategic bomber formations were employed against Serrian cities. The largest Serrian city, Vellina, had a smaller and more vulnerable airstrip due to its geographic limitations. Unable to launch enough fighter-interceptors to dissuade aerial bombardment, Vellina was extensively targeted. Civilian, rather than military sites were hit in a failed effort to demoralize and discourage a continued defense. By 8 June 1924, following the failure of the second attack wave, the request for Dolfik submarine attacks on the Serrian Navy was ordered. However, the third naval invasion was nearly entirely lost to poor communication and adverse weather, allowing the defending military enough time to recover and mount a defense for the fourth invasion.
Continuously resupplied and armed by allied convoys, Serria was able to weather invasion as the opposing air forces depleted their numbers. With the Dolfik surrender in 1929 and their naval presence no longer an obstacle, invading forces remained alone in the Nuntic theatre to continue the war. By 1932, the air raids came to an end due to a lack of bombers to continue them and an increased number of long-range interceptors that could defend Vellina from the mainland.
Post-war
The Serrian theater of the Great War was virtually over by 1932, two years before the end of the conflict, as Allied airpower ended what was left of the Axis bomber force. The end of the war saw the total Anderian, Kerthenian and Serrian victory. The unleashing of the atomic bomb shocked the world, which quickly fractioned between right and left.
Serria's position as a neutral great power with a large industry opened doors for military sales, as unaligned nations required advanced equipment to maintain their national defense needs. The amount of money that flowed into the Serrian military industry after the Great War was beyond predictions, and funded expansive scientific and advanced research projects, such as the first Serrian jet fighters and the beginnings of the Serrian nuclear program. Vellina was nearly entirely rebuilt from its intense bombing raids by 1937, and by 1939 it had become again the economic capital of the nation. Verrani, which was originally founded in Vellina, moved back to its home after moving its headquarters during the war. Throughout the rest of the twentieth century, the Serrian government subsidized the arms and munitions manufacturers as it was an increasingly lucrative business. In 1954, Serria tested its first nuclear weapon, and quickly developed supersonic strategic bombers, nuclear attack and missile submarines, and an intercontinental ballistic missile force to support its deterrence mission. Needing means to project power in the post-Great War world, Serria commissioned five aircraft carriers and built a powerful naval force, which many historians argue allowed Serria to defend its pre-Great War dependencies.
Following growing tensions and fears of nuclear conflict, Serria began extensive and pioneering research into advanced air-defense systems and anti-ballistic missile networks, as well as the complicated radar and tracking information infrastructure to handle mitigating the damage from nuclear war. This sparked the development of the Alton defense system in 1967. The system is now known as the Adanced Multi-Layered Information/Intercept System, or AMLIS.
Modern era
Immediately prior to the turn of the twenty-first century, Serria had cemented itself as a moderate consumer electronics, growing semiconductor producer, and a reliable weapons manufacturer. Serrian calculators were popular across the globe, as well as expensive Serrian cars, watches, luxury clothes, and other leisure and status products. Serrian culture had become popular in the West and was seen as the style of the upper-class and the wealthy. Designer Serrian clothes and accessories became popular throughout the world. Nowadays, Serrian companies produce a large percent of the world's premier smartphone and computer digital screens.
While other Great Powers lost the majority of their overseas dependencies in the aftermath of the Great War, Serria's position as a respected and thriving economy, as well as rapid democratization of the Principality system and the emergence of nuclear weapons allowed Serria to maintain its position in Edusa and in the Meridan. While often controversial, Edusa and Icaria have both survived numerous independence referendums, which support the current democratic and stable political establishment. Today, Edusa, Icaria, and Nor benefit from the defense guarentees as well as stability from their position within the Serrian Empire.
Rapid globalization in the late twentieth century became increasingly profitable, as the world's largest financial institutions have major branches or are headquartered in Vellina's financial district. The Serrian lire became the world's global reserve currency, and the constitutional neutrality policy allowed Serrian institutions to be respected as third parties, increasing their legitimacy. Serria remains an important part of the world economy and a global cultural center. In 1990, the Nuntic Framework was signed in Vellina, spearheaded by Serrian Minister-President Marco Monte, to begin the foundation for the modern Nuntic establishment. In 1998, the initial signatories joined the Nuntic Union, and in 2000, the Lirezone was adopted in the majority of member countries. In 2017, Serria's first female Minister-President, Sofia Moretti, was elected, and served a full four-year term.
In 2021, Serria elected Minister-President Lucio Marino, the first non-Liberal Party leader of the government since the 1970s. A member of the International Democrats (Partito Democratico Internazionale), his party intends to foster better relations with the West and build Serria as an international powerbroker.
Today, Serria remains a world power, with a respected armed forces capable of power projection, an integrated and vibrant diverse economy, a stable political establishment, economic influence and growth, and positive relations with most sovereign states.
Geography
The Serrian archipelago is a chain of 4 main islands, the largest being the name of the country, and the capital. The island of Serria composes the majority of the landmass in the archipelago. The geological history of the archipelago is quite violent, as the island chain is volcanically formed. The two volcanoes are active but have not erupted in over one-hundred and fifty years. The last recorded eruption was on the 4th of December, 1862. The Serrian farmland originates from these volcanoes, which leads to its nutrient-rich characteristics. The rich soil has led to a large agricultural industry around these volcanoes and throughout the archipelago.
The climate in the Serrian archipelago is moderate, but it leans on the cold end. Vast mountain ranges span the western coast and the southwest of the nation, while the center and northwest remain open plains, hills, and fjords. The mountains have snow typically year-round at their higher altitudes, and rain is a common occurrence around the archipelago. Waters around the Serrian archipelago are cold currents, however freezing of the ports is rare in anywhere other than the St. Tiaranos islands during the winters, and in previous years, all year-round. Common plant species seen in Serria's fields are the cattails, which is the National Plant, numerous varieties of evergreen pines, and the rose.
Politics
Government
The Serrian government has four main branches. The Executive Ministry, the Legislative, the House of the Grand Master, and the Monarch. As a unitary parliamentary system, the Serrian parliament (officially referred to as the Congress of Dukes) elects a member to serve as Minister-President. Under the 1815 Constitution, all royal authority as Head of Government was de facto relieved. Serria's monarch is expected to carry out all executive action made by the elected Minister-President under threat of abdication. The papal authority granted to the Grand Master by the College of Cardinals is limited and ceremonial in scope, reflected in their service as Head of State. Serria's upper House, officially known as the Congress of Dukes, serves as the nation's highest judicial body and as its supreme court.
Although not legally an archdiocese within the Serrian system, the Blessed Principalities of Edusa and Icaria elects voting representatives to the Serrian parliament. In addition to the representatives in Serria, both Edusa and Icaria maintain their own independent and democratic parliamentary system with widespread authority over nearly all domestic issues. Foreign policy, however, dictated by constitutional neutrality, are managed by Serria.
Foreign Relations
Serria is an aggressively neutral state, which maintains a strong military for peacetime. The inscription on the Holy Serrian National Naval Warfare Academy reads, "Happy is that city which in time of peace thinks of war." The Serrian government does not endorse any state other than acts of respect and kindness, it bars itself from any military defense treaties. It recognizes all governments, however, any overlapping claims with another government are not recognized other than its own, and the Order of Serria's. Serria is extremely defensive of its treatment of its citizens abroad and will go to great lengths to discourage and enforce no violation of rights upon Serrian citizens outside their borders. It has a universal declaration of extradition, meaning, on a case-by-case basis, Serria will return prisoners of their nationality to all nations.
While neutral, Serria is a global power and leader. It holds a Permanent Seat on the Kerbal Assembly Security Council, as well as its headquarters, and spearheaded the founding of multiple multinational institutions, such as the Nuntic Union and Lirezone, the League of Serrian States (LSS), the Organization for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples (OPIP), the International Economic Relations Organization (IERO), the Global Economic Association (GEA), as well as the Serrian Economic Cooperation Treaty (SECT) It is also a member of and hosts one of the headquarters for the International Trade Sphere (ITS).
Military
The Serrian Defense Force (SDF) has five branches and departments, the Esercito Serriano (Serrian Army), Marina Militare (Serrian Navy), the Aeronautica Militare (commonly referred to in Dolphik as the Serrian Air Defense Force, SADF), the Cibernetica Militare (Serrian Cyber Force) under the Department of the Army, and the Spazio Militare (Serrian Space Force), and the Carbinieri.
The Esercito operates mainly the CML.4g main battle tank and CT.1 wheeled tank destroyers, with many support vehicles such as Volpe armored cars and the acclaimed Rendastaggio series infantry fighting vehicles. Some Serrian ground vehicles are also equipped with Kerthenian APS systems which greatly increase the survivability of the respectively smaller armor force.
The Marina Militare (Serrian Navy) is a world-class navy and operates 4 aircraft carriers, 6 amphibious assault ships, 34 destroyers, 32 frigates, and 34 attack submarines. In terms of submarines, the 16 SN.42 ultra-quiet submarines operated by the Marina Militare utilizes air-independent propulsion developed with Qusmos to achieve silence and stealth, alongside Frontiera-class and incoming Vendicatore-class nuclear attack submarines, and 4 Trionfante-class nuclear ballistic missile submarines.
The Aeronautica Militare (Air Force) composes of just under 600 fighter aircraft, including jointly-developed F-30SA Joint Strike Fighter Program, with SB, and SC Golden Phoenixes (as carrier air wings), P.300 Block II stealth aircraft, P.295 multirole fighters, 12 SB.44b supersonic maritime strike aircraft, and a sizable complement of airlift and transport aircraft. Unlike most other nations, all aircraft in the SDF are operated by the Air Force, including naval aviation and helicopters. The Spazio Militare solely operates both Serenità shuttles OTV-4 Giustizia and OTV-5 Libertà on a national security contract with the Serrian Space Agency.
At home, the SDF is one of the options for mandatory service, despite remaining among the most competitive job options to serve. The service remains largely volunteer, with the most competitive drafted serving in roles in the armed service.
Despite constitutional neutrality, Serria maintains a heavy military presence overseas, with over a dozen major military installations in foreign countries. These installations offer nearly unrivaled power projection, force mobility, and deterrence for Serria's numerous foreign dependencies. Serria maintains a nuclear triad and a sizable arsenal, with cruise missiles replacing the remaining intercontinental ballistic missile force in 2003. Serria is fourth in global military spending, at 246 billion dollars in 2022, behind Kerthenia, Dolfikland, and Anderia. It is ranked among the world's most capable and well-trained armed forces.
Economy
Serria led the adoption of the Lirezone and the Nuntic Economic Area to foster growth in the Nuntic Sea to great success. The majority of nations in the Nuntic region use the Serrian lira as their currency, enabling increased trade as well as limiting barriers to economic growth. The Lira remains the global reserve currency. Serria also operates the bilateral Serrian Economic Cooperation Treaty with the vast majority of nations, enabling countries to achieve bilateral normalized trade relations, trade growth thinktanks, and reduction in trade barriers. As a result of this global integration, Serria is a center of world trade, and numerous banks and financial institutions are headquartered in the country's financial capital and largest city, Vellina.
The Serrian economy has taken full advantage of globalization, and such the entire economy relies on global supply chains. The largest sector of the Serrian economy, aerospace research, and development are taken up by the largest companies and firms, such as Biggoti, CADS, and the largest, Verrani. Foreign companies invest in the development of a program, and once the development is finished, they are slotted for production. Serrian companies produce a variety of products around the world, with the largest foreign manufacturing centers being in Omniabstracta, Edusa, Cadenza, and Chikara. Additionally, Serria maintains a significant portion of the world's semiconductor production.
The Serrian military-industrial complex is global, using foreign manufacturing to produce most products, maintaining strong economic ties with many nations, not only through military equipment, but through labor, taxes, and more. The globalization of the economy also allows for a greater amount of flexibility, should one nation have civil strife, there are others that the invisible hand of economics will lead them to increase production to make up for the loss. Foreign factories are also heavily controlled to ensure no loss of strategic Serrian intellectual property- Serria is one of the strongest protectors of its national IP.
The next largest sectors of the Serrian economy include digital screens for miscellaneous applications, tourism and pilgrimage, philanthropic work, offshore resource extraction, agriculture, and architecture. Agriculture, being for most of Serria's history the dominant industry, has declined since the decades leading up to the Great War. The Serrian architectural industry boasts impressive accomplishments, such as the renowned historic churches and cathedrals (duomos), and the world's current tallest building in Vellina, boasting an impressive height of over a kilometer.
Demographics
Population
The population of metropolitan Serria is almost entirely homogenous, however, conflicts throughout the years and Serria's acceptance of refugees allow for some sway. Native Serrians make up the vast majority of the population, upwards of ninety percent of it. The Serrian population of about 51.2 million is one of the smaller on Kerbin. The majority of Serria's population lives on the island of Vellina, which is the largest Serrian city, and houses 14% of the total population of the entire nation. The next largest population center it the island of Serria itself, and lastly is the Nassante, which mainly serve as a naval refueling base and port, as well as a local trade hub.
Language
Serria has its own official language, Serrian, which is evolved from Traestani, still spoken in Traestan. Although the languages are not entirely compatible, speakers of Serrian will be familiar with Traestani, Avellian, and Cresadan. Serria, being a trade language, has over a hundred million global speakers. The largest non-TPM Serrian speaker centers are the territories of the Order of Serria, Serria proper, Edusa, Blorbs, Omniabstracta, Cadenza, Qusmos, Cresada, Aranui, Dendari, and Kerthenia.
Religion
Serria has an official religion, Catholicism. All schools in Serria teach the religion, although it is not mandatory to be Catholic and be a Serrian citizen. The nation's highest State office, the Grand Master, is also a papal position, however, the Serrian secularist Monarch is not. Catholicism is a monotheistic religion, with origins in Traestan as Squadism. The Serrian Catholic Church has its highest office, the Grand Master, in Serria. In the entire nation, 84% of the population is Catholic, but in metropolitan Serria, it reaches 93%.
Culture
Serrian culture is present all around the world, with Serrian cultural norms being absorbed into other cultures naturally due to trade and globalization. Serrian food, such as traditional pizzas, plates of pasta, and deserts are commonplace in most nations. Serrian Catholicism is popular around the globe, and since a large portion of Serrian culture revolves around Catholicism, some Serrian cultural norms have spread through the growth of the religion. Common adjectives used to describe Serrian culture include 'resilient', 'developed', 'profound', and 'overwhelming'. The Serrian government embraces both new Serrian traditions as well as maintaining those of the old. Within the Serrian government, the Ministry of Tourism and Culture protect traditions and regulate tourism.
Serrian-speaking states with territories all over the world have spread norms in their regions, in Sverna, Cancodia, Serthenia, and the Nuntic community. The rich Serrian history, as well as numerous ancient remains, have led to Serria high averages of yearly tourist visits. This has had a notable effect on the effect of local cultures, as they adapt to the tourism industry. In some cases, Serrian culture has formed to fit stereotypical norms in order to welcome tourists. This has been protested by some cities, notably around the Western coast.
Infrastructure
Serrian infrastructure is modern, however, many historic sites are still prevalent around the country because of Serria's long and vast history. The Capital City is organized similar to many other Serrian cities, where the old city center is separated from the new financial center in "downtown". Serria is a prominent skyscraper builder, with the world's tallest building the largest city, Vellina. Infrastructure in the nation is designed with military strategy in mind, and most strategic bridges are set to collapse without causing damage to nearby civilian areas. Historic buildings are scattered through the entire nation, which leads to city planning being heavily influenced from the tourism industry.
Military Infrastructure
Military bases and fortifications make up a large portion of many Serrian foreign territories. Agios has a famous barrier separating itself from the mainland of Icaria, Granto has fortifications set in from its founding over fears of annexation, with most being historical. Most Serrian cities have well-established trade centers and downtown districts to attract business from all over the world. The large airbases and naval support facilities in Sanpoli, Agios, St. Tiaranos, and Granto have led to some criticism from locals, but most support the continued presence of these installations.
Transporation
Public transportation in Serria is varied. Serria operates effective high-speed rail networks, is an airliner-hub for the rest of Cancodia and the Nuntic community. Serria, being an archipelago, naturally has a large ferry and sea transportation industry. A sizable fraction of Serrian tourist income is taken from cruise ships registered in Serria. Most major cities in the country have an underground system, most being recent. This is due to the historic nature of some Serrian cities, and the concern of damage to these sites, recently settled by the development of more advanced tunnel bores. Transportation in between the Serrian archipelago's many islands usually consists of either low-cost airlines or ferry. In many cases, drivers can park their cars on ferries and continue their drive on another island. This is most common between Vellina and the main island.
Energy
The Serrian energy industry is mostly nuclear or renewable, with 79% of the power being nuclear, and the rest being either solar, wind, hydro-electric, or geothermal. All nuclear plants operated by the Serrian Ministry of Energy are Omniabstractan in origin, modified for use within the Serrian National Electric Grid System. Recent modernizations programs have been working to integrate smart-grids to maximize power reservation during surges. The Serrian network extensively uses pumped-storage hydroelectricity to store energy for times of power demand.